JMU AFV Lab Blog

This article came across on the “Gas2.0″ blog on October 16. Students at the University of Kansas have produced an interesting hybrid vehicle. They took an old VW Super Beetle and converted it to electric power by replacing the conventional gasoline engine with an electric motor and batteries. (Wow, you’re thinking that’s not really original, is it?) But they went a step further and installed a diesel engine/generator in the front compartment of the VW to charge the batteries. But the students didn’t stop there, either. They designed the system in such a way that an ethanol, fuel cell, or gas turbine engine/generator could be substituted for the diesel setup with minimal alterations. Impressive, don’t you think?

To see this article, go to http://gas2.org/2009/10/16/kansas-students-run-retro-vw-beetle-on-batteries-and-biodiesel/

To view the students report on the project, go to http://groups.ku.edu/~ecohawks/IMECE2009-10247.pdf
(JMU AFV Lab students should take notice of this file and consider it when they report on their own projects.)

Kansas Students Run Retro VW Beetle on Batteries and Biodiesel

Written by Andrew Williams

A group of University of Kansas students have rigged up a 1974 Volkswagen Super Beetle to run on a mix of biodiesel and battery power.

The team, calling themselves the Ecohawks, claim the quirky hybrid is capable of getting 50 MPG from a series of 10 lead-acid batteries and a biodiesel generator.

Performance-wise, although quite cool looking in a retro kind of way, the car isn’t exactly what you’d call a speedster, topping out as it does at a leisurely 30 mph.

That doesn’t seem to bother team-leader Prof. Chris Depcik though, who told reporters, “We have driven it around and reached approximately 30 mph, but this was more of a proof-of-concept drive without pushing the boundaries. We are currently getting the vehicle into road-ready shape to be driven safely in order to determine these values.” (More pics after the jump).

• » See also: Update: Breakthrough Biodiesel Process Now Running At Commercial Scale
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Depcik says that given the mass availability of Beetle parts, (VW built 21.5 million of them before ceasing production in 2003), the choice of car was a no-brainer and estimates that it will be ready to pass a Kansas state inspection “with flying colors” by May 2010.

This article came in on the Gas2.0 blog last week. I thought the readers of the JMU AFV Lab Blog would be interested in it. Enjoy.

Go to: http://gas2.org/2009/09/18/student-built-hydrogen-fuel-cell-powered-boat-to-set-sail-on-hudson-river/ to read the entire article.

Student-Built, Hydrogen Fuel Cell-Powered Boat to Set Sail on Hudson River

Welcome to another episode of “If college students can do it, why can’t the rest of the world figure it out too?”

An enterprising and organized group of undergraduate and graduate students at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute have fitted an old sail boat with a spiffy set of hydrogen fuel cells and plan to run the boat from Manhattan to upstate New York later this month in a “green power” tour of sorts.

I love it when college students do this kind of stuff. Seriously. If I could have stayed in college forever, I would have. Believe me, I tried.
The group, founded by materials science graduate student William Gathright earlier this year, has taken a 40 year-old, 22 foot sailboat, fixed it up from its formerly decrepit state, fitted it with some compressed hydrogen gas storage tanks, and installed two off-the shelf GenDrive class 3 fuel cell units — each weighing 500 pounds. The fuel cells are on loan from local company, Plug Power.

“We’re high-tech environmentalists,” Said Gathright. “We want to share our vision of a time when people can take a pleasure cruise on their boat, or drive to the store, without leaving a trail of pollution and toxins behind them. We hope to inspire and challenge them to think of ways of making that vision a reality. This project, from beginning to end, has certainly been an exercise in creative problem solving. But you know what? We’re Rensselaer students. Innovating and problem solving is what we do best.”

In a nod to the history of the Hudson River as a source of American ingenuity and problem solving, the boat has been named the New Clermont after one of the world’s first commercial steam boats, Robert Fulton’s Clermont, which roughly followed the same route up the Hudson that the students will be taking on their green tour.

“Just as Robert Fulton wanted to prove to the world that steam was a viable, economical means to power boats and unleash the economic potential of our waterways, we want to open people’s eyes to the viability of hydrogen and fuel cells as a way to power boats, and one day maybe even our cars, trucks, and homes,” said student Leah Rollhaus, who also helps lead the New Clermont Project.

Source: Rensselaer (Via ScienceDaily)

Source: http://gas2.org/2009/09/18/student-built-hydrogen-fuel-cell-powered-boat-to-set-sail-on-hudson-river/

I just read this article in the Gizmag Emerging Technology e-newsletter I get. I like this idea. It’s one of those “elegant” solutions that make you think: “Why didn’t I think of that!”

It reports on a group in the UK that took a conventional front wheel drive delivery van and installed twin electric motors on the rear axle that are powered by: “…a valve-regulated lead-acid battery rather than the nickel metal hydride (NiMH) or lithium ion (LiIon) technology used in conventional electric vehicles.” They plan to market this as a retrofit kit to install on existing vehicles. This concept could find a market in delivery companies that seldom carry loads that approach the GVWR of the van; delivery companies like florists, parcel services, auto parts jobbers, electrical wholesalers, and the like.

I can even see the possibility of such a project for the AFV Lab. It is doable. It could use a conventional rear drive differential with an electric motor attached to it, like a golf cart or like one of the Vantage vehicles JMU has ordered, or, following this article’s lead, an electric motor at each wheel.

Source: http://www.gizmag.com/plug-in-hybrid-retrofit-kit-ice-vehicle/11631/

UK team Develops plug-in hybrid retrofit kit for ICE vehicle

from Automotive (1891 articles)

ADDZEV was developed using a standard Vauxhall Combo van

Image Gallery ( 2 images )

May 8, 2009 Automotive engineering facilities in the UK have joined forces to design a system which allows conventional delivery vans to be cheaply converted to run in a zero-emissions, all-electric mode for urban use. The ADDZEV (affordable add-on zero emissions vehicle) system was developed using a standard Vauxhall Combo van, retaining the existing conventional front-wheel-drive (FWD) system and an adding an electric drive in parallel for the rear wheels. The vehicle can operate with just front wheel drive powered by the internal combustion engine or can turn off the petrol engine and run with rear wheel drive under electric power only.

Source: http://www.gizmag.com/plug-in-hybrid-retrofit-kit-ice-vehicle/11631/

All of us here at the Alternative Fuels Vehicle Lab have been watching and waiting for news from the Automotive “X” Prize, that Multimillion Dollar prize contest for vehicles that get more than 100 miles per gallon and are capable of being put into production.  Finally, on April 7 this news item came out.  I highly recommend anybody who has an interest in alternative fuels and supermilage vehicles to check it out, especially the video.

111 Teams Get Green Light to Advance in Multimillion Dollar Competition

PLAYA VISTA, Calif., (April 7, 2009) –The Progressive Insurance Automotive X PRIZE, a multimillion dollar competition designed to inspire a new generation of viable, super fuel-efficient vehicles, today announced its official list of 111 Registered Teams.

Having passed this first wave of judging, these teams now move one step closer to competing for their share of a $10 million prize purse that will be awarded to teams that win a rigorous long distance stage competition and can exceed 100 MPG equivalent fuel economy (MPGe).

The teams, which collectively represent 136 vehicle entries with 14 different fuel sources, include diverse groups from 25 U.S. states and 11 countries. Established automakers, emerging start-ups, universities and inventors are among those represented. Six of the Registered Teams remain confidential….

Go to http://www.progressiveautoxprize.org/news-events/press-release/111-teams-get-green-light-to-advance-in-multimillion-dollar-competition for the article

Peter Denbigh sent me the article below:

250th Delivery

I ran across this item in Science Daily this morning. It is an interesting concept. Is there technology to make a circuit that is both charger and inverter, i.e., can use line voltage to charge batteries and then take battery voltage and invert it back to line voltage? I don’t know of any. If not, this concept would be workable only by adding an inverter circuit in parallel with the charger circuit, with attendant control mechanisms, which would add considerably to the purchase price of a PHEV. Go to http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/10/081002172140.htm to read the full article

Scientists Explore Putting Electric Cars On A Two-way Power Street

ScienceDaily (Oct. 12, 2008) — Think of it as the end of cars’ slacker days: No more sitting idle for hours in parking lots or garages racking up payments, but instead earning their keep by providing power to the electricity grid.

Scientists at the University of Michigan, using a $2 million grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF), are exploring plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) that not only use grid electricity to meet their power needs, but return it to the grid, earning money for the owner.

“Cars sit most of the time,” said Jeff Stein, a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering. “What if it could work for you while it sits there? If you could use a car for something more than just getting to work or going on a family vacation, it would be a whole different way to think about a vehicle, and a whole different way to think about the power grid, too.”

The concept, called vehicle-to-grid (V2G) integration, is part of a larger effort to embrace large-scale changes that are needed to improve the sustainability and resilience of the transportation and electric power infrastructures. If V2G integration succeeds, it will enable the grid to utilize PHEV batteries for storing excess renewable energy from wind and the sun, releasing this energy to grid customers when needed, such as during peak hours.

This will lead to more sustainable transportation and grid infrastructures, and will also increase the resilience of these infrastructures to sharp changes in energy costs, supply, or demand.

The NSF’s Emerging Frontiers in Research and Innovation program created a topic for a 2007-2008 call for proposals on resilient and sustainable infrastructures. This topic argues that the nation’s infrastructures over the past century have evolved largely independently but new technologies have emerged that coupled some of these infrastructures. This has created a need for fundamental tools to design and develop these new technologies and to evolve these coupled infrastructures.

Stein and others see the PHEV as a perfect example of such a new technology that in this case is coupling the transportation and power grid infrastructures.

V2G is an opportunity to look at vehicles beyond shaving miles per gallon. A team of experts in mechanical and power systems engineering, economics, and industrial ecology will examine every aspect of a PHEV and how it interacts with the electrical grid.

If PHEVs, which are anticipated to be on the market in 2010, fulfill their promise, millions could be on the road in the decades to come. This potentially will provide unprecedented shared battery storage to the grid and transportation infrastructures, thereby allowing these infrastructures to store renewable energy when available and use it when needed.

Aging electric plants are good at generating power, Stein said, but they face challenges in storing it, and lack ways to buffer against either big surges in demands, or interruptions in supply. Massive storage systems can be costly and problematic.

But, Stein said, think of all the “distributed” storage packed into millions of PHEVs on the road. He and his colleagues envision a world where the electric cars could double as mobile holding tanks for electricity, ready to serve in their down time.

“If we had lots of PHEVs all plugged into the grid, then what seems like an insignificant amount of energy storage becomes a large energy storage,” he said….

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/10/081002172140.htm

Saw this blog entry this morning and thought it made some interesting points. Check it out at http://gas2.org/2008/09/30/volt-over-tesla-series-and-plug-in-hybrids-more-likely-to-be-game-changers/. Especially scroll down and look at the comments others have already made.

Volt Beats Tesla: Series and Plug-In Hybrids More Likely to be Game Changers
Written by Andrew Gilbertson
Published on September 30th, 2008
9 Comments
Posted in Engines, Hybrid-electric EVs, Plug-in hybrid EVs

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Editor’s Note: This is a guest post by Andrew Gilbertson who is a 2008 graduate of Vermont Law School.
A senior economist at the Argonne National Laboratory has come to an interesting conclusion: vehicles that rely on internal combustion engines are superior to electric vehicles in terms of what consumers would buy and what would save significant fuel.

Even though Tesla is delivering their cars to consumers several years before the Volt hits the show rooms, from the perspective of Dan Santini, you and I are more likely to get our hands on Volt-style vehicles first.

Some of the main obstacles that stand between us and pure EVs were identified at the 1st International Conference on Advanced Lithium Batteries for Automotive Applications, sponsored by the Argonne National Laboratory (where Dan Santini works).

First and foremost, the cost of the batteries boost vehicle prices too high for the average consumer. Recharging time, coupled with the lack of a national system of quick-charge stations, would make the vehicle unattractive to most consumers who want the freedom to travel across the country without long stops for recharging.

The Volt, with its series hybrid design, reduces the importance of these two concerns. By relying less on batteries, the cost of the batteries becomes less of a factor, while having a combustion engine that uses an established distribution system as a backup gives the owner the freedom to drive wherever they want.

It seems to me that more car makers should read the writing on the wall and go the series hybrid route (apparently, some are).

Even though series hybrids might not get better mileage right now, it should be obvious that at some point an energy storage technology will be developed that will be cheaper, denser, and cleaner than gas or diesel. When that time comes, the car makers that can simply replace the combustion generators with the new storage technology will be way ahead of the ones who haven’t yet developed a electric drive system.

Dan Drumheller of our AFV Lab submitted this article for the blog.  My first impression is that none of these vehicles are, in my opinion, prime candidates for electric vehicles.  My idea of the best platform for an electric vehicle is a small, compact car that is easy to maneuver in traffic, and park in crowded, cramped lots at shopping malls, train stations, and employers.  Electric vehicles are most suitable for short trips of 40 or so miles round trip.  For the most part, these trips usually include just one driver and some cargo, like groceries, golf bags, tennis equipment, etc.  These Chrysler vehicles, on the other hand, seem to me to be primarily “second cars” that are better suited for family or recreational usage with their longer trips and limited usage, and, thus, in my opinion, not really suited for typical electric vehicle operation.

Having said all that, I must say that I am fascinated by the comment about the Jeep:  …The Jeep EV is a four-door Wrangler Unlimited that uses the same gas-electric power combination as the minivan, but with four electric motors — one for each wheel… I’m anxious to see how they do that.  If they put the motors in the wheels, they have the best, most efficient, mechanical arrangement, but they increase unsprung weight, especially in the front, which is a liability in offroad usage.  If they attach the motors to the frame to reduce unsprung weight, they introduce power robbing CV or universal joints and shafts.   Comments?

Chrysler Electric Vehicles slated for 2010

Chrysler “plugged-in” the gauntlet on Tuesday, unveiling a secret lineup of electric vehicles, pledging to bring at least one of them to showrooms within two years.

In 2007, Chrysler announced the launch of a program called ENVI aimed at developing electric cars, but other than a few nonrunning concepts displayed at the 2008 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, not much information on the project had leaked out since. Now, in a move aimed at cheering up the company’s employees and stealing the spotlight from the recently introduced Chevy Volt, Chrysler is showing its hand to the world.

• Click here for photos.

The most exciting of the three, the two-seat Dodge EV, is a pure electric sports car with a range of 150 to 200 miles on a full charge. Looking suspiciously like the $109,000 Tesla Roadster, the Dodge is clearly based on the same Lotus-sourced platform that underpins that exotic electric. With advanced lithium-ion batteries powering a 268-horsepower motor, it can accelerate from 0 to 60 in under 5 seconds.

For the family, the Chrysler EV is a reengineered Town and Country minivan that Chrysler claims will be able to travel 40 miles on electric power alone. Similar to the Volt, it also carries a small gasoline engine on board that can charge the batteries and extend the range of the vehicle to up to 400 miles, at an average of 50 miles per gallon.

The Jeep EV is a four-door Wrangler Unlimited that uses the same gas-electric power combination as the minivan, but with four electric motors — one for each wheel — that give it the kind of off-road capability buyers have come to expect from the brand.

Projected prices were not revealed, and Chrysler is not saying which of the vehicles will be the first to come to market. But the company says it will have 100 of them on the road in test fleets in 2009, along with its latest entry into the growing neighborhood electric vehicle segment, the Peapod. This small four-seat bubble car has a top speed of 25 miles per hour and is aimed mainly at residents of gated communities, who will be able to drive it up to 30 miles on a charge.

• Click here for more information from Chrysler.

Source: http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,426522,00.html

I saw an article on the autobloggreen blog this morning on Yamaha and Honda electric motorcycles.  One of the links in the article led me to this item on Yamaha’s concept vehicles at the Tokyo Auto Show in 2007.  Below is the text of that item. I was particularly drawn to the “DMFC (Direct Methanol Fuel Cell)” concept used in this concept vehicle.  This concept has already been applied to power sources for laptops and such, but this is the first I’ve seen for a vehicle.  Maybe this could be a project for the AFV lab?

Carrying on Yamaha’s onslaught of the 2007 Tokyo Motor Show and their slew of environmentally-friendly cycle concepts, we now introduce you to the FC-Dii. Like the LUXAIR that we showed you previously, the FC-Dii appears to be based on a model originally shown in 2005 called the FC-me. Like that machine, the FC-Dii gets its power from a fuel cell which uses Yamaha’s methanol-water solution. The fuel cell creates electricity which continuously charges the on-board lithium ion battery pack. That battery pack is also removable for charging and replacement purposes. According to Yamaha, their fuel cell “features the highest level of power density in the 1kW class… which achieves a top-level performance of 30% system efficiency for a DMFC (Direct Methanol Fuel Cell) system.”

The bike itself appears quite small, which makes sense considering that Yamaha would want to keep the machine as light as possible. Nothing really appears to be innovative here besides the fuel cell system, and a good deal of the components appear to carry over from the FC-me. AS soon as we are able to get better pictures, we’ll be sure to update this post.

Related:

• Tokyo 2007 Preview: Yamaha on two-wheels - Tesseract - Part 2 of 6
  
• Tokyo 2007 Preview: Yamaha on two-wheels - LUXAIR - Part 1 of 6
  

[Source: Yamaha Motors]

I saw this item from SmartPlanet News this morning.  Could this work in the U.S.?  I am especially intrigued by the last paragraph, …Utility RWE said it envisions that car batteries from the 100 electric cars in Berlin could feed electricity back into the grid to lessen the load during peak times…. Comments?

One of the charging stations in Berlin

Car giant Daimler and German utility RWE will launch a network of 500 battery-charging stations next year for a trial meant to give electric car drivers the freedom to power up on the go.

The ‘e-mobility Berlin’ project will see Daimler and its Smart wing supply 100 electric city cars. RWE will install and run the charging stations in Berlin.

The cars will be equipped with communication equipment that will allow consumers to have their cars charged at different locations and billed to one account. Although the exact models are yet to be confirmed, the Smart Ed is a natural choice and Daimler told SmartPlanet an electric version of an A or B-class Mercedes Benz could also be used.

Charging stations are expected to be installed at people’s homes as well as public spaces, such as offices, shopping centers, and car parks.

The cars’ lithium-ion batteries (from an undisclosed supplier) will be optimized for rapid charging and longer range. Those same batteries will be used in a Mercedes hybrid model as early as next year, the companies said.

The effort, modelled on a similar effort in London, is being financially supported by German government agencies as part of environmental policy.

Project Better Place, founded by former SAP executive Shai Agassi, is taking a similar approach in an effort to make electric car ownership more attractive.

It has signed on the governments of Israel and Denmark to test a system where electric car drivers in a restricted driving area can replace batteries in a network of stations.

Utility RWE said it envisions that car batteries from the 100 electric cars in Berlin could feed electricity back into the grid to lessen the load during peak times.